Jacques Cartier
Made three voyages across the Atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of France between 1534 and 1542.
CitizenTest
Your subscription is active. Votre abonnement est actif.
$15 CAD — one-month access to the full bundle. 15 $ — accès d’un mois à l’ensemble complet.
$30 CAD $20 CAD — two-month subscription. 30 $ CA 20 $ CA — abonnement de deux mois.
Have you already paid? Avez-vous déjà payé ?
Sign in with the username and password we sent you after payment. Connectez-vous avec l’identifiant et le mot de passe reçus après le paiement.
Please transfer your subscription payment to the email below — for one-month or two-month access, as applicable. Notify us by email or Telegram. Thank you. Veuillez virer le montant de votre abonnement à l’adresse courriel ci-dessous — pour un accès d’un mois ou de deux mois, selon votre forfait. Aviser par courriel ou Telegram. Merci.
Pay to email Paiement par courriel
Notify us on Telegram Nous aviser sur Telegram
خط زمانی تاریخ کانادا + چهرهها و دستاوردهای مهم (Discover Canada / IRCC) Bilingual study page with search — text from the official IRCC guide (Discover Canada) Page d’étude bilingue avec recherche — texte tiré du guide officiel d’IRCC (Découvrir le Canada)
خط زمانی تاریخ کانادا — مطالعهٔ Discover Canada (IRCC) / Key events study page Canadian history timeline — study from Discover Canada (IRCC) / Key events page Frise chronologique — étude « Découvrir le Canada » (IRCC) / Grands événements
| Year | English / Français | فارسی |
|---|---|---|
| 1497 |
John Cabot was the first to draw a map of Canada's East Coast (Atlantic seaboard).
|
جان کابوت نخستین کسی بود که نقشهٔ ساحل شرقی / اقیانوس اطلس کانادا را ترسیم کرد.
|
| 1534–1542 |
Jacques Cartier made three voyages across the Atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of France.
|
ژاک کارتیه سه سفر فراآتلانتیک کرد و سرزمین را برای فرانسه مطالبه نمود.
|
| 1604 |
The first European settlement north of Florida was established by French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain (St. Croix, then Port-Royal in Acadia).
|
نخستین سکونتگاه اروپایی شمال فلوریدا توسط پیر دو مون و ساموئل دو شامپلن (سنت کروا، سپس پورترویال در آکادی) برپا شد.
|
| 1608 |
Samuel de Champlain built a fortress at what is now Québec City.
|
شامپلن دژی در محل امروزی شهر کبک بنا کرد.
|
| 1670 |
King Charles II of England granted the Hudson's Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay.
|
چارلز دوم انگلیس به کمپانی خلیج هادسون حق انحصاری تجارت در حوضهٔ آبریز خلیج هادسون اعطا کرد.
|
| 1701 |
The French and the Iroquois made peace (often called the Great Peace of Montreal).
|
صلح بین فرانسویها و ایروکوئیها (صلح بزرگ مونترال).
|
| 1758 |
The first representative assembly was elected in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
|
نخستین مجمع نمایندهها در هلیفکس، نوا اسکوشیا، برگزیده شد.
|
| 1759 |
The British defeated the French in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Québec City.
|
بریتانیا فرانسه را در نبرد دشت ابراهام در کبک شکست داد.
|
| 1763 |
The Treaty of Paris ended French rule in Canada; the Royal Proclamation set important Crown policy on Aboriginal lands and governance.
|
معاهدهٔ پاریس؛ اعلامیهٔ سلطنتی ۱۷۶۳ سیاست تاج دربارهٔ سرزمینهای بومی را پایهگذاری کرد.
|
| 1774 |
The Quebec Act restored French civil law while maintaining British criminal law and expanded rights for French-speaking Catholics.
|
قانون کبک: حقوق مدنی فرانسوی و حقوق کیفری بریتانیا.
|
| 1776 |
The 13 British colonies to the south declared independence and formed the United States.
|
سیزده مستعمره استقلال اعلام کردند و ایالات متحده تشکیل شد.
|
| 1791 |
The Constitutional Act divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada and created elected assemblies.
|
قانون اساسی: تقسیم به اپر کانادا و لور کانادا و ایجاد مجالس منتخب.
|
| 1793 |
Upper Canada became the first province in the Empire to move toward abolition of slavery.
|
اپر کانادا نخستین استان امپراتوری در مسیر لغو بردهداری.
|
| 1812 |
The War of 1812 began; the United States invaded Canada but was defeated, with First Nations and British forces.
|
جنگ ۱۸۱۲؛ حملهٔ آمریکا به کانادا شکست خورد.
|
| 1832 |
The Montreal Stock Exchange opened.
|
بورس اوراق بهادار مونترال گشایش یافت.
|
| 1847–1848 |
Nova Scotia became the first British North American colony to attain full responsible government.
|
نوا اسکوشیا نخستین مستعمره با دولت مسئول کامل شد.
|
| 1867 |
July 1: Confederation. The British North America Act created the Dominion of Canada (Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia).
|
۱ جولای: کنفدراسیون و قانون آمریکای شمالی بریتانیا؛ دومینیون کانادا.
|
| 1873 |
The North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) was established; predecessor of the RCMP.
|
پلیس سوارهٔ شمالغرب (NWMP)، پیشدرآمد RCMP.
|
| 1885 |
The Canadian Pacific Railway was completed with the driving of the Last Spike (Nov. 7, 1885).
|
اتمام راهآهن CPR با میخ پایانی (۷ نوامبر ۱۸۸۵).
|
| 1891 |
Basketball was invented by Canadian James Naismith.
|
اختراع بسکتبال توسط جیمز نِیسمِس کانادایی.
|
| 1914 |
The First World War began; Ottawa formed the Canadian Expeditionary Force.
|
آغاز جنگ جهانی اول؛ تشکیل نیروی اعزامی کانادا.
|
| 1917 |
The Battle of Vimy Ridge: the Canadian Corps captured the ridge (April 9–12).
|
نبرد ویمی ریج؛ سپاه کانادا تپه را فتح کرد.
|
| 1918 |
Most Canadian female citizens aged 21 and over were granted the right to vote in federal elections.
|
رأی فدرال برای بیشتر زنان کانادایی ۲۱ سال به بالا.
|
| 1921 |
Agnes Macphail became the first woman elected to the House of Commons.
|
اگنس مکفیل نخستین زن نمایندهٔ مجلس عوام شد.
|
| 1934 |
The Bank of Canada was created as Canada's central bank.
|
تأسیس بانک مرکزی کانادا.
|
| 1939 |
The Second World War began; Canada joined the Allied war effort.
|
آغاز جنگ جهانی دوم؛ پیوستن کانادا به متفقین.
|
| 1944 |
D-Day, June 6: Canadian troops stormed and captured Juno Beach in Normandy.
|
روز دی ۶ ژوئن: فتح ساحل جونو توسط نیروهای کانادایی.
|
| 1947 |
Oil was discovered at Leduc, Alberta, helping launch Canada's modern energy industry.
|
کشف نفت در لدوک، آلبرتا؛ آغاز صنعت انرژی مدرن.
|
| 1949 |
Newfoundland and Labrador joined Confederation.
|
پیوستن نیوفاندلند و لابرادور به کنفدراسیون.
|
| 1960 |
Aboriginal people were granted the right to vote in federal elections.
|
اعطای حق رأی فدرال به مردم بومی.
|
| 1965 |
The new Canadian flag (maple leaf) was raised for the first time.
|
برافراشتن نخستین بار پرچم برگ افرا.
|
| 1969 |
Parliament passed the Official Languages Act (French and English in the federal government and institutions).
|
قانون زبانهای رسمی؛ برابری خدمات فرانسه و انگلیسی در حکومت فدرال.
|
| 1980 |
The first Quebec sovereignty referendum; O Canada was proclaimed as the national anthem.
|
نخستین همهپرسی حاکمیت کبک؛ اعلام سرود ملی اُ کانادا.
|
| 1982 |
The Constitution was patriated; the Constitution Act, 1982, including the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, came into effect.
|
استقلال قانون اساسی؛ قانون اساسی ۱۹۸۲ و منشور حقوق و آزادیها.
|
| 1999 |
The territory of Nunavut was created.
|
ایجاد قلمرو نوناووت.
|
| 2008 |
The Prime Minister delivered a formal apology in Parliament for the residential school system.
|
عذرخواهی رسمی نخستوزیر از بابت مدارس شبانهروزی بومیان.
|
در ادامهٔ «سالهای مهم» — برای مرور سریع نامها و نقشها Below the year-by-year timeline — quick names and roles Sous la frise chronologique — noms et rôles en un coup d’œil
Made three voyages across the Atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of France between 1534 and 1542.
A Loyalist military officer. Led Upper Canada to move toward abolition.
Recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be merged and given responsible government.
Worked with British governors toward responsible government.
An elected official and Father of Confederation from New Brunswick; suggested the term Dominion of Canada in 1864.
A Father of Confederation; became Canada's first Prime Minister. His portrait is on the $10 bill.
Key architect of Confederation from Quebec. Led Quebec into Confederation and helped negotiate the entry of the Northwest Territories, Manitoba and British Columbia into Canada.
A Canadian politician, a founder of the province of Manitoba, and a political leader of the Métis people.
The first French Canadian prime minister since Confederation; encouraged immigration to the West. His portrait is on the $5 bill.
A reserve officer; became one of Canada's greatest soldiers.
A great frontier hero, Mounted Policeman and soldier of the Queen.
A farmer and teacher; became the first woman MP.
World record sprinter and double Olympic gold medallist in 1996.
World champion wheelchair racer and Paralympic gold medalist.
One of the greatest hockey players of all time; played for the Edmonton Oilers from 1979 to 1988.
A British Columbian who lost his right leg to cancer at 18; began the 'Marathon of Hope' to raise money for cancer research.
A British Columbian who circled the globe in a wheelchair to raise funds for spinal cord research.
Nobel Prize-winning scientists.
Had the idea of the telephone at his summer house in Canada.
Invented the snowmobile, a light-weight winter vehicle.
Invented the worldwide system of standard time zones.
Together invented the first electric light bulb; later sold the patent to Thomas Edison.
Contributed to the invention of radio; sent the first wireless voice message in the world.
Pioneering brain surgeon at McGill University in Montreal; known as 'the greatest living Canadian.'
Invented the first cardiac pacemaker, used today to save lives of people with heart disorders.
Invented the Canadarm, a robotic arm used in outer space.
Founders of Research in Motion (RIM), known for its invention: the BlackBerry.
Discovered insulin, a hormone to treat diabetes that has saved millions of lives worldwide.
Born in present-day Toronto; first Canadian awarded the Victoria Cross (Balaclava, 1854).
Nova Scotia; first Black man awarded the Victoria Cross for his role in the Siege of Lucknow (1857).
Born in Ukraine; awarded the Victoria Cross for courage at the Battle of Hill 70 (1917).
Flying ace; earned the Victoria Cross during the First World War; later an honorary Air Marshal of the RCAF.
Earned the Victoria Cross leading the attack on Casa Berardi in Italy (1943).
Navy pilot from Trail, B.C.; last Canadian to receive the Victoria Cross (August 1945).