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بازدید ثبت‌شده از بخش آزمون‌های نمونه: 2736

خط زمانی تاریخ کانادا — مطالعهٔ Discover Canada (IRCC) / Key events study page

Theme:
Year English / Français فارسی
1497
John Cabot was the first to draw a map of Canada's East Coast (Atlantic seaboard).
جان کابوت نخستین کسی بود که نقشهٔ ساحل شرقی / اقیانوس اطلس کانادا را ترسیم کرد.
1534–1542
Jacques Cartier made three voyages across the Atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of France.
ژاک کارتیه سه سفر فراآتلانتیک کرد و سرزمین را برای فرانسه مطالبه نمود.
1604
The first European settlement north of Florida was established by French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain (St. Croix, then Port-Royal in Acadia).
نخستین سکونتگاه اروپایی شمال فلوریدا توسط پیر دو مون و ساموئل دو شامپلن (سنت کروا، سپس پورت‌رویال در آکادی) برپا شد.
1608
Samuel de Champlain built a fortress at what is now Québec City.
شامپلن دژی در محل امروزی شهر کبک بنا کرد.
1670
King Charles II of England granted the Hudson's Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay.
چارلز دوم انگلیس به کمپانی خلیج هادسون حق انحصاری تجارت در حوضهٔ آبریز خلیج هادسون اعطا کرد.
1701
The French and the Iroquois made peace (often called the Great Peace of Montreal).
صلح بین فرانسوی‌ها و ایروکوئی‌ها (صلح بزرگ مونترال).
1758
The first representative assembly was elected in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
نخستین مجمع نماینده‌ها در هلیفکس، نوا اسکوشیا، برگزیده شد.
1759
The British defeated the French in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Québec City.
بریتانیا فرانسه را در نبرد دشت ابراهام در کبک شکست داد.
1763
The Treaty of Paris ended French rule in Canada; the Royal Proclamation set important Crown policy on Aboriginal lands and governance.
معاهدهٔ پاریس؛ اعلامیهٔ سلطنتی ۱۷۶۳ سیاست تاج دربارهٔ سرزمین‌های بومی را پایه‌گذاری کرد.
1774
The Quebec Act restored French civil law while maintaining British criminal law and expanded rights for French-speaking Catholics.
قانون کبک: حقوق مدنی فرانسوی و حقوق کیفری بریتانیا.
1776
The 13 British colonies to the south declared independence and formed the United States.
سیزده مستعمره استقلال اعلام کردند و ایالات متحده تشکیل شد.
1791
The Constitutional Act divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada and created elected assemblies.
قانون اساسی: تقسیم به اپر کانادا و لور کانادا و ایجاد مجالس منتخب.
1793
Upper Canada became the first province in the Empire to move toward abolition of slavery.
اپر کانادا نخستین استان امپراتوری در مسیر لغو برده‌داری.
1812
The War of 1812 began; the United States invaded Canada but was defeated, with First Nations and British forces.
جنگ ۱۸۱۲؛ حملهٔ آمریکا به کانادا شکست خورد.
1832
The Montreal Stock Exchange opened.
بورس اوراق بهادار مونترال گشایش یافت.
1847–1848
Nova Scotia became the first British North American colony to attain full responsible government.
نوا اسکوشیا نخستین مستعمره با دولت مسئول کامل شد.
1867
July 1: Confederation. The British North America Act created the Dominion of Canada (Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia).
۱ جولای: کنفدراسیون و قانون آمریکای شمالی بریتانیا؛ دومینیون کانادا.
1873
The North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) was established; predecessor of the RCMP.
پلیس سوارهٔ شمال‌غرب (NWMP)، پیش‌درآمد RCMP.
1885
The Canadian Pacific Railway was completed with the driving of the Last Spike (Nov. 7, 1885).
اتمام راه‌آهن CPR با میخ پایانی (۷ نوامبر ۱۸۸۵).
1891
Basketball was invented by Canadian James Naismith.
اختراع بسکتبال توسط جیمز نِیسمِس کانادایی.
1914
The First World War began; Ottawa formed the Canadian Expeditionary Force.
آغاز جنگ جهانی اول؛ تشکیل نیروی اعزامی کانادا.
1917
The Battle of Vimy Ridge: the Canadian Corps captured the ridge (April 9–12).
نبرد ویمی ریج؛ سپاه کانادا تپه را فتح کرد.
1918
Most Canadian female citizens aged 21 and over were granted the right to vote in federal elections.
رأی فدرال برای بیشتر زنان کانادایی ۲۱ سال به بالا.
1921
Agnes Macphail became the first woman elected to the House of Commons.
اگنس مک‌فیل نخستین زن نمایندهٔ مجلس عوام شد.
1934
The Bank of Canada was created as Canada's central bank.
تأسیس بانک مرکزی کانادا.
1939
The Second World War began; Canada joined the Allied war effort.
آغاز جنگ جهانی دوم؛ پیوستن کانادا به متفقین.
1944
D-Day, June 6: Canadian troops stormed and captured Juno Beach in Normandy.
روز دی ۶ ژوئن: فتح ساحل جونو توسط نیروهای کانادایی.
1947
Oil was discovered at Leduc, Alberta, helping launch Canada's modern energy industry.
کشف نفت در لدوک، آلبرتا؛ آغاز صنعت انرژی مدرن.
1949
Newfoundland and Labrador joined Confederation.
پیوستن نیوفاندلند و لابرادور به کنفدراسیون.
1960
Aboriginal people were granted the right to vote in federal elections.
اعطای حق رأی فدرال به مردم بومی.
1965
The new Canadian flag (maple leaf) was raised for the first time.
برافراشتن نخستین بار پرچم برگ افرا.
1969
Parliament passed the Official Languages Act (French and English in the federal government and institutions).
قانون زبان‌های رسمی؛ برابری خدمات فرانسه و انگلیسی در حکومت فدرال.
1980
The first Quebec sovereignty referendum; O Canada was proclaimed as the national anthem.
نخستین همه‌پرسی حاکمیت کبک؛ اعلام سرود ملی اُ کانادا.
1982
The Constitution was patriated; the Constitution Act, 1982, including the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, came into effect.
استقلال قانون اساسی؛ قانون اساسی ۱۹۸۲ و منشور حقوق و آزادی‌ها.
1999
The territory of Nunavut was created.
ایجاد قلمرو نوناووت.
2008
The Prime Minister delivered a formal apology in Parliament for the residential school system.
عذرخواهی رسمی نخست‌وزیر از بابت مدارس شبانه‌روزی بومیان.

چهره‌ها و دستاوردهای مهم

در ادامهٔ «سال‌های مهم» — برای مرور سریع نام‌ها و نقش‌ها

Jacques Cartier
Made three voyages across the Atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of France between 1534 and 1542.
John Graves Simcoe
A Loyalist military officer. Led Upper Canada to move toward abolition.
Lieutenant Governor Lord Durham
Recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be merged and given responsible government.
Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine, Robert Baldwin, Joseph Howe
Worked with British governors toward responsible government.
Sir Leonard Tilley
An elected official and Father of Confederation from New Brunswick; suggested the term Dominion of Canada in 1864.
Sir John Alexander Macdonald
A Father of Confederation; became Canada's first Prime Minister. His portrait is on the $10 bill.
Sir George-Étienne Cartier
Key architect of Confederation from Quebec. Led Quebec into Confederation and helped negotiate the entry of the Northwest Territories, Manitoba and British Columbia into Canada.
Louis Riel
A Canadian politician, a founder of the province of Manitoba, and a political leader of the Métis people.
Sir Wilfrid Laurier
The first French Canadian prime minister since Confederation; encouraged immigration to the West. His portrait is on the $5 bill.
Sir Arthur Currie
A reserve officer; became one of Canada's greatest soldiers.
Sir Sam Steele
A great frontier hero, Mounted Policeman and soldier of the Queen.
Agnes Macphail
A farmer and teacher; became the first woman MP.
Donovan Bailey
World record sprinter and double Olympic gold medallist in 1996.
Chantal Petitclerc
World champion wheelchair racer and Paralympic gold medalist.
Wayne Gretzky
One of the greatest hockey players of all time; played for the Edmonton Oilers from 1979 to 1988.
Terry Fox
A British Columbian who lost his right leg to cancer at 18; began the 'Marathon of Hope' to raise money for cancer research.
Rick Hansen
A British Columbian who circled the globe in a wheelchair to raise funds for spinal cord research.
Gerhard Herzberg, John Polanyi, Sidney Altman, Richard E. Taylor, Michael Smith, Bertram Brockhouse
Nobel Prize-winning scientists.
Alexander Graham Bell
Had the idea of the telephone at his summer house in Canada.
Joseph-Armand Bombardier
Invented the snowmobile, a light-weight winter vehicle.
Sir Sandford Fleming
Invented the worldwide system of standard time zones.
Matthew Evans and Henry Woodward
Together invented the first electric light bulb; later sold the patent to Thomas Edison.
Reginald Fessenden
Contributed to the invention of radio; sent the first wireless voice message in the world.
Dr. Wilder Penfield
Pioneering brain surgeon at McGill University in Montreal; known as 'the greatest living Canadian.'
Dr. John A. Hopps
Invented the first cardiac pacemaker, used today to save lives of people with heart disorders.
SPAR Aerospace / National Research Council
Invented the Canadarm, a robotic arm used in outer space.
Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie
Founders of Research in Motion (RIM), known for its invention: the BlackBerry.
Sir Frederick Banting and Charles Best
Discovered insulin, a hormone to treat diabetes that has saved millions of lives worldwide.
Lieutenant Alexander Roberts Dunn
Born in present-day Toronto; first Canadian awarded the Victoria Cross (Balaclava, 1854).
Able Seaman William Hall of Horton
Nova Scotia; first Black man awarded the Victoria Cross for his role in the Siege of Lucknow (1857).
Corporal Filip Konowal
Born in Ukraine; awarded the Victoria Cross for courage at the Battle of Hill 70 (1917).
Billy Bishop
Flying ace; earned the Victoria Cross during the First World War; later an honorary Air Marshal of the RCAF.
Paul Triquet
Earned the Victoria Cross leading the attack on Casa Berardi in Italy (1943).
Lieutenant Robert Hampton Gray
Navy pilot from Trail, B.C.; last Canadian to receive the Victoria Cross (August 1945).
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